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| Caisson, bell
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Caisson pile that provides more surface bearing area by having a 60-degree flare at the bottom. |
| Caisson, bored
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Caisson pile, with large diameter which is set into a deep hole of 150 feet deep with a 10 foot diameter, which is used to support a foundation of a structure being built on soil which needs reinforcement to support the structure's weight. |
| Caisson, jacked in
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Hollow cylinder pile, which is inserted into the soil with jacks, as it is rotated back and forth, thus reducing friction with the soil. The soil in the center of the cylinder is removed, once the cylinder is in place, and is replaced with concrete to for strengthened structural ability. |
| Caisson, slurry
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Caisson pile created by a rectangular-shaped vertical pit being dug and filled with concrete while a cured concrete slurry keeps the excavation walls held firm. |
| Caking
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Paint pigment solidified at the bottom of the can. |
| Calamander
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Hard wood, which is used for cabinets and found in Ceylon and India. |
| Calcimine
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A wafer-thinned paint composed essentially of calcium carbonate or clay, and glue. |
| Calcination
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The use of heat to break down chemical compounds. |
| Calcine
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Heating materials to a point where they are changed to powder or calx and releasing water from the crystallized material. |
| Calcitic limestone
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A common material used for 'liming' soil that has an acid level that is too high. This type is most commonly used and contains calcium carbonate. |
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