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| Substation
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An electrical installation containing power conversion (and sometimes generation) equipment, such as transformers, compensators, and circuit breakers. |
| Substitution
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In valuing real estate, substitution is the principle that the market value of a property can be relatively accurately estimated by determining market value of similar properties in the general vicinity. By substitution, an appraiser can ascertain the market value of a piece of real estate by analyzing the sales prices of comparable units in the neighborhood sold in the recent past. |
| Substrate
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The supporting or underlying material. |
| Subsurface drain
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Underground drain which collects subsurface water and disposes of it at a proper location. |
| Subsurface easement
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Owner of land allowing another to use space under the ground, such as to install a sewer or gas line. |
| Subsurface exploration
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Engineering tests performed on soils to determine conditions and ground stability prior to building. |
| Subsurface rights
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The owner of real estate generally has exclusive rights to the soil and minerals underneath the land. Significant limitations on subsurface rights have to be disclosed in the title deed at the time of acquisition. If no restrictions are indicated, the buyer can expect to exercise full rights to the property. It is important to note, however, that in some states, the owner of land is not automatically assumed to also be the owner of the subsurface. That is, land ownership may be separated. In many areas subsurface rights can be extremely valuable because of the existence of oil, natural gas and minerals, and those must be acquired separately. |
| Subtropical
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Very specific area, 5 to 10 degrees higher in latitude than the Tropic of Cancer of the Tropic of Capricorn. |
| Suburb
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A town or unincorporated developed are in close proximity to a city. Suburbs, largely residential, are often dependent on the city for employment and support services; generally characterized by low-density development relative to the city. |
| Succession
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Transfer of real estate by legal means such as through inheritance. |
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