Accessible Solutions: Bath and Toilet Room Plans and Finishes

For bathroom walls, moisture-resistant gypsum board is the most common finish material, painted with an oil-base or semi-gloss paint for moisture resistance and ease of maintenance. Ceramic wall tile above tubs and inside showers can protect locations where moisture collects. Extensive ceramic tile application, however, increases construction costs and makes installation of surface-mounted accessories such as grab bars more difficult. Bathroom ceilings require special consideration if lift tracks or a trapeze bar will be installed. On the first floor of multi-story homes, most equipment can be anchored directly to the structural framing above. For top-floor bathrooms, however, roof truss chords or ceiling joists may need structural reinforcement. If ceiling-mounted equipment will be installed, ceiling lights and fans should be located where they will not interfere. Ideally, the vanity basin should be close to a wing wall that provides anchorage for a towel bar and electric outlet. A medicine cabinet can also be installed for the convenient storage of small items on shelves near eye level. Bathroom Lighting and Electric Service - Bathrooms should be illuminated with artificial lighting enhanced by natural daylight. Bathroom windows are often covered with blinds or shutters, but even diffused sunlight makes these spaces more pleasant. Since window access is often obstructed, units should be selected and installed so that they can be easily reached and operated. A casement or awning type window is generally easiest to use. A skylight is another way of bringing daylight into the bathroom. Artificial lighting should be selected to suit specific needs and circumstances. The highest illumination level is required at vanity mirrors for close activities such as applying make-up and shaving. Incandescent or full-spectrum fluorescent light is best for this location. Since vanity lighting is high intensity, the light source should be baffled to reduce glare. Vanity lighting for wheelchair users may require minor adjustments to conventional arrangements. Most wheelchair users, for example, cannot get close enough to the wall mirror for focused activities such as shaving or applying make-up. A portable self-illuminated mirror set on the vanity top is often helpful. Shower interiors are often dark when the curtains are closed, so a waterproof light fixture is recommended inside stalls and above tub/shower enclosures. Light and fan switches should be installed in accessible locations away from water sources. Electrical outlets should also be located to serve bathroom appliances such as hair dryers and razors. The vanity wing wall is an excellent outlet location. Bathroom Heat and Ventilation - Bathroom heating and cooling requirements depend on the local climate. Ventilation, however, is always necessary to eliminate odor and moisture. Operable windows are helpful, but exhaust fans provide more positive ventilation.

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