Backup Power

Portable generators, like this model from Craftsman, can be used to power basic household appliances for short periods of time. Gasoline, diesel, propane, and natural gas all provide fuel for household generators. Gasoline generators are available at home centers for a fraction of the cost of propane and natural gas units, but they have some drawbacks. Stored gasoline and diesel fuel are fire hazards and, over time, can become gummy or contaminated. Small gasoline generators are typically available for under $500, but installation and service are left to the homeowner. The time it takes to manually disconnect the power from the main circuit-breaker box and connect the gas or diesel generator to the auxiliary breaker panel also means that sensitive equipment like computers, security systems, and digital alarm clocks will require resetting. And, you'll also be left in the dark while the machine is shut off for refueling. Propane and natural gas are more environmentally and economically sound fuels. Newer models come with an automatic switching device. It's wired alongside the household circuit box, and starts the generator in as little as 10 seconds after severe power dips or interruption. Refueling is not required, making for smooth, continuous operation. Propane or natural gas generators can cost anywhere from $5,000 to $10,000 depending on size. Figure on installation charges, as well. Generator engines are cooled by water or air. Air-cooled systems are more cost effective. Liquid-cooled generators provide better temperature control and are quieter, an important feature in communities with noise restrictions. Perhaps the most important consideration is the reputation of the dealer who will install and service the unit. A licensed electrician and an experienced pipe fitter will ensure safe operation of the unit. In general, generators are located outside the home. It is important to have a voltage regulator and automatic shut-offs in the event of a problem. Battery Backup Systems In addition to serving as emergency backups, battery systems can also function as a cheaper daily alternative to electricity during peak daytime hours. Conservation-minded consumers can power essential needs using battery systems by day, and recharge the batteries during off-peak night hours. Battery-powered systems, such as this unit from NextPower, provide a seamless transition to backup up power in the event of an outage. Battery systems sometimes come in kits that include solar panels. These batteries are deep-cycle storage cells and come in banks or groups. A separate device called an inverter is necessary to convert battery power—which is direct current (DC)—to the alternating current (AC) that is used to power homes. A separate transfer switch is essential to activate the system. A small system capable of covering essential systems for a 12- to 24-hour blackout can run as little as $1,600. NextPower, based in Illinois, has developed a self-contained battery backup system that is enhanced by digital electronics. The PowerBanc delivers instantaneous power within 16 to 32 milliseconds of a power loss, making it so seamless that even the most sensitive household systems won't detect a change. The advantages to this system over a generator include safe indoor installation and noiseless operation. The PowerBanc runs from $3,000 to $6,000, about a third less than the cost of a generator. The manufacturer recommends replacing batteries every seven to 10 years. The disadvantage to any battery system is longevity, since batteries provide power only while charged. Even the most sophisticated system will last just several days—less if operating a full load. Depending on how critical uninterrupted power is, consumers may choose to purchase a small inexpensive generator that recharges backup batteries during an outage. Likewise, generator owners may find it necessary to purchase an uninterrupted power system (UPS) or small battery system to cover lapses during startup or refueling.

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