Fireplace Inserts

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Fireplace inserts—heat appliances that fit into the opening or protrude onto the hearth of a conventional fireplace—are similar in performance and function to free-standing stoves with some differences. They must fit and operate within an existing masonry or a factory-built fireplace with a working chimney. Made of steel or cast-iron, inserts are available in many colors, styles and sizes. Depending on the type and brand, they may have heat-distributing fans, thermostatic or remote controls, arched glass doors, filigree trim and more. The inserts are distinguished by the type of fuel they burn: wood, pellet, natural gas, propane or coal. Their maintenance requirements vary with fuel type. Reasons to Switch The open hearth, which has changed little over the generations, certainly creates ambiance, but it is inefficient, ineffective and usually messy. Conventional fireplaces are considered 10 percent efficient at best and operate less effectively as temperatures plummet. They often cause drafts in the house as warm indoor air is sucked up the chimney and cold outside air is pulled indoors through any cracks or leaks. Traditional fireplaces are also the source of smoke inside and outside. In most areas of the country, residential woodburning fireplaces are considered major sources of particulate matter air pollution. Particulate matter is a mix of fine particles, such as dust, molds, ashes and soot, with combustion by-products such as volatile organic compounds, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. There is also growing evidence that links particulate matter to health problems. If you would like to rely on your fireplace for added warmth on cold days or for a back-up in emergencies, you should consider a fireplace insert. The newer inserts, especially those with secondary burn systems, reduce the amount of particulates emitted. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) certifies wood-burning inserts and some pellet-burning models, according to John DuPree, EPA wood heat program team leader. An EPA-certified insert, identified by a permanent metal label, confirms that it has been independently tested by an accredited laboratory and falls within the legal limits of particulate emissions. The non-solid fuel or gas inserts also produce pollution and carbon monoxide but at a rate lower than an automobile.

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