Definitely not.
The floor under ceramic tile must be absolutely firm, with no flex or give at all. Otherwise, the grout will crack.
Ceramic floor tile must have concrete board under it to ensure it is solid - and some floors even require additional support from underneath to prevent the entire floor from "bouncing" when you walk on it.

You can install linoleum over linoleum, but definitely not tile. Tile needs the same strength as its backing so that not only the groat does not crack, but the tile does not crack, as well. The backer board supports the tile, which is not strong enough to hold furniture or even human weight, itself, over time.

Moreover, the bonding compound will not hold to linoleum. It is designed to hold to pourous stone-like material, not slick plastic material.