300 watts into the transformer = 300 watts out of the transformer. (ignoring losses,etc.)
On the input side you will draw 2.7 amps at 110 volts.
On the output side you can supply 25 amps at 12 volts.
As tom said this is conservation of energy.
So, if you are going to install 300 watts of low voltage lighting, you will need 12 or 10 gauge wire on the 12 volt side to minimize losses. Are you really going to put in 300 watts of low voltage lights?
Dodgeman