You will need 3 bundles of shingles for every "square" (a square is defined as a 10 ft. X 10 Ft. area).
Each shingle takes 3 nails (so you can figure out the amount you need).
hammerzone (the link I gave you) shows the use of 3 tab shingles. I would suggest 50 year architectural shingles - you don't have to be as accurate (there are no slits/tabs in them) and they last.
You don't have to use a ridge vent, you can use mushroom vents.
If you have a dormer, gable or chimney you must flash it. That gets tricky.
Any abrupt change as you walk down the roof such as a chimney, will need either leaded-copper flashing (DON'T USE GALVANIZED ETC. ON A CHIMNEY, IT WILL ROT ON THE HIGH SIDE) or build what is called a "cricket" on the high side.