You may be able to cover the creosote stain with an oil alkyd based exterior primer with stain blocking protection. Quality primers provide adhesion and resist bleed-through of water soluble tannins and oil based stains. An oil / alkyd primer is what is used over linseed stained siding to resist bleed through. I don't know if there is an ideal solution, because I have never encountered a painted structure painted with coal tar derivitives.
A professional paint store would more than likely be willing to work with you on this problem to identify the best solution. I have taken samples of problem materials to my local Benjamin Moore paint dealer, and they have taken the time to experiment with their products to make a good recommendation. The coatings on your garden shed are outside of most of our direct experience, and its time to solicit the support of a dedicated paint dealer / pro to solve the problem. If you can take a sample of the coated wood (door, shelf, piece of siding) and let them work with it, you will learn what viable alternatives are available to you.