A grain is a unit of weight. An english grain is equal to .0648 grams or 1/7000 of a pound. Water softeners are rated by the number of grains of water they soften per cycle. I think the instructions are simply refering to the hardness of your water dictating the amount of detergent to use. I've always just filled the dispenser and wash away. We have hard water here and never had an issue with too much detergent. Just don't use laudry detergent!