you will need a doorbell kit and a sensor switch for the door to indicate "open" a micro switch could be installed to activate when the door starts to open, or when the door is fully open. use the micro switch in place of the "doorbell" switch in the kit. the doorbell kit you need will have a transformer, wire, and bell or chime, and includes wiring instructions.
if you do not want to snake wires thru your walls, see if you can find a wireless doorbell kit.