is this copper pipes with hot water? have you drained them out since you no longer use them. they are embedded in the plaster of the ceiling with a metal mesh also. if the pipes are deteriorating then they could be causing the drywall bonded to the mesh to fail.
look in the attic under the insulation and you may be able to see the pipes and the plaster mesh..
putting up new drywall onto the old (if you can locate the rafters to screw into) may be the easiest choice. pulling down the ceiling and the pipes can be quite labor intensive, plus a real mess. and then new vapor barrier and insulation.