Is there a limit on how many #12's that can be routed thru a 1" hole in the studs..? There is no set or pre-defined number limit for this...only because of the many different types of #12 romex available...and the variety of thickness of the outside jacket of the romex. For example - The Code does set maximum limits for the total number of #12 single wires that can be run in a 1" conduit based on the type of insulation (such as THHN, THW, XHHW etc)...but not for number of #12 romex's that can run thru a 1" hole. They use a percentage fill table....and you generally have to remain under 75% fill. The same rule of thumb approach applies to your 1" hole in a stud..if you have ~ 3/4's of the hole filled with runs...and you can not easily (easy being the key word) insert and pull another run into the hole - then you are already at the max....time to drill another hole.