When compared with traditional HVAC systems that use a furnace for heat and an air conditioner for cooling, a heat pump can offer significant energy savings that result in lower household bills. They also could be called a heat exchanger because that’s effectively how a heat pump conditions a space.
Using a refrigerant and a compressor, the technology can extract heat from outside—even when it feels quite cool—and pump that warmth into your home. In summer, it can be switched over to provide effective air conditioning. Heat pumps also can help reduce humidity. Other models are specifically designed for household hot water or for pool heating. Dual fuel systems, combining an electric heat pump and gas furnace, also promise high energy efficiency but are highly complex and expensive.
This in-depth guide details key features of heat pumps, including types, capacity, and efficiency ratings, and includes some of the best heat pump options for home use. We scoured the market to present this list of top picks based on customer satisfaction, product efficacy, and value. We did a deep dive into the specifications, features, and customer reviews to select these top-selling heat pumps in a variety of categories. When judging heat pump efficiency, two figures are used: the SEER and HSPF ratings; for an in-depth discussion of these terms, please see the Efficiency Rating section after the product descriptions.
- BEST OVERALL: Pioneer Wall Mount Ductless Mini Split Heat Pump
- RUNNER-UP: Daikin Wall-Mounted Ductless Heat Pump System
- BEST BANG FOR THE BUCK: Klimaire 12,000-BTU Ductless Mini-Split Heat Pump
- BEST WI-FI COMPATIBLE: MrCool DIY 36,000-BTU Ductless Mini Split Heat Pump
- BEST FOR POOLS: Hayward In-Ground Pool Heat Pump
- MOST EFFICIENT: Cooper & Hunter Ductless Mini Split AC/Heating System
- ALSO CONSIDER: Senville LETO Series Air Conditioner Heat Pump
How We Chose the Best Heat Pumps
We researched the best heat pump systems in a variety of categories and chose options with high customer satisfaction. The list factors in heating power, coverage, noise level, heating and cooling functions, and special features offered by the top heat pump brands.
The heat pumps on the list offer 12,000 to 36,000 BTUs of heating power, with the exception of the pool pump. These units heat spaces from 550 to 1,500 square feet to accommodate different user needs and spaces. The list prioritized models with a low operating volume, and many provide both heating and cooling. We also considered units with special features like Wi-Fi controllability, remote controls, and smart home integration.
Our Top Picks
To help shoppers in their search for a suitable option, we’ve gathered the best heat pump options in a variety of categories. They represent excellent performance and value. Later we cover the types of heat pumps and their various features to make it easier to accurately assess the best heat pump for the kind of installation shoppers have in mind.
Photo: amazon.com
Pioneer is one of the top names in split-ductless heat pumps, and models in this range offer 18,000 BTUs. The SEER rating is 19, with a class-leading 10 HSPF. The air handler is very quiet, producing just 30 to 57 decibels, depending on the setting and whether the unit is indoor or outdoor.
The clever “Follow Me” feature takes feedback from a sensor in the remote control and adjusts to provide heat or cooling in that location rather than where the air handler is positioned. The well-thought-out installation kit includes both electrical wiring and copper pipe, and there’s free technical support, too.
Quality is assured by independent testing and certification to Air Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI) standards. Given the high performance, it’s also a remarkably good value.
Product Specs
- Type: Split-ductless
- Heating power: 18,000 BTUs
- Coverage: 400 to 650 square feet
- Noise level: 30 to 43.5 decibels (indoor unit), 57 decibels (outdoor unit)
Pros
- Trusted brand that meets AHRI independent testing and certification standards
- Quiet operation; indoor unit produces less noise than most refrigerators, even on high settings
- Heating and cooling functions make it useful year-round; great for most homes
- Installation kit includes electrical wiring, copper pipe, and free technical support
Cons
- DIY installation can be quite tricky; shoppers will want to consider hiring an HVAC specialist
Get the Pioneer heat pump at Amazon or The Home Depot.
Photo: amazon.com
Daikin is a leading manufacturer widely recognized for experience with household heat pumps. This model produces 21,200 BTU at 17 SEER and 9 HSPF. That’s enough to provide efficient heating and cooling for up to 1,500 square feet. This can be a single room or combined spaces. For smaller areas, models with lower BTUs are available.
Inverter technology allows the air handler to constantly monitor the environment, making frequent small adjustments that demand less energy. The wall unit is relatively discreet and produces somewhere between 41 and 52 decibels. A “Turbo” mode helps warm or cool rooms quickly when desired. The wireless remote control has a timer function.
Product Specs
- Type: Split-ductless
- Heating power: 21,200 BTUs
- Coverage: Up to 1,500 square feet
- Noise level: 41 to 47 decibels (indoor unit), 52 decibels (outdoor unit)
Pros
- Provides both heating and cooling functions for year-round comfort
- The wall unit is discreet and includes remote control with timer
- Inverter technology frequently adjusts air handler, which leads to fewer energy demands
Cons
- Indoor unit can be quite noisy even on low settings; may disturb light sleepers
Get the Daikin heat pump at Amazon.
Photo: amazon.com
The 12,000-BTU Klimaire is designed for space up to 550 square feet. In addition to smaller spaces, it’s an ideal cost-effective solution to add to an existing HVAC system for a new extension. The SEER rating is 19 with 9.5 HSPF, and the air handler runs as low as 24 decibels, so it won’t disturb sleep.
Although very competitively priced, the AHRI-certified Klimaire is not short on features. A built-in compressor heater will allow it to operate when the outdoor temperature is as low as 5 degrees Fahrenheit. A “Home Away” setting ensures the room maintains a constant 46 degrees while the house is unattended.
Product Specs
- Type: Split-ductless
- Heating power: 12,000 BTUs
- Coverage: Up to 550 square feet
- Noise level: 24 to 38 decibels (indoor unit), 55 decibels (outdoor unit)
Pros
- This affordable model meets the needs of spaces up to 550 square feet
- AHRI certified with SEER rating of 19 and 9.5 HSPF; plenty of heating and cooling for most spaces
- At a maximum of 38 decibels, the interior heating and cooling functions are quiet and nondisruptive
Cons
- Limited 550-square-foot coverage won’t be adequate for larger spaces
Get the Klimaire heat pump at Amazon or Klimaire.
Photo: amazon.com
MrCool produces a high-value range of split-ductless heat pumps. This powerful model is rated for 36,000-BTU output. Installation is simplified with a comprehensive kit that includes 25 feet of cable, connectors, and a charged air handler. The fan runs up to 63 decibels, depending on speed. In addition to warmth, it can provide cooling down to 5 degrees Fahrenheit.
The standout feature of this model is it offers Wi-Fi control in addition to the standard remote. The free app provided allows monitoring and controlling of heat or cooling via smartphone. It also integrates with both Alexa and Google Assistant smart-home systems. The unit also will remember previous settings and restart after a power outage.
Product Specs
- Type: Split-ductless
- Heating power: 36,000 BTUs
- Coverage: 1,500 square feet
- Noise level: Up to 63 decibels
Pros
- This model is Wi-Fi controllable; connects to Alexa and Google Assistant
- Comprehensive installation kit included; could likely be tackled by competent DIYers
- Comes with a remote control and retains previous settings in the event of a power outage
Cons
- Attempting DIY installation of this unit can be very tricky without electrical know-how
Get the MrCool heat pump at Amazon, The Home Depot, or HVAC Direct.
Photo: amazon.com
Pool pump performance is described using Coefficient of Performance (COP) rather than SEER and HSPF. The use of titanium in the heat exchanger maximizes transfer efficiency, and this 90,000-BTU Hayward is rated at 5.7, which is well above the federal recommended minimum of 3.1.
Tough UV-treated polypropylene is used for the main body, with rust-resistant stainless steel fittings. The water flow rate is necessary for matching with an appropriate water pump, and this one has a versatile range of 30 to 75 gallons per minute. A digital control panel on the front of the unit provides for quick and easy operation.
Product Specs
- Type: Pool pump
- Heating power: 90,000 BTUs
- Coverage: Not specified
- Noise level: Not specified
Pros
- Heat exchanger uses titanium in this efficient heat pump; great for saving on energy bills
- Digital control panel makes for quick and easy operation for most users
- Rugged and durable UV-treated polypropylene body made for outdoor use
- Rust-resistant stainless steel fittings appropriate for use with water; ideal for pools
Cons
- May struggle to keep up with heating tasks in very cold weather
Get the Hayward pool heat pump at Amazon or Leslie’s.
Photo: amazon.com
The 18,000-BTU Cooper & Hunter ductless mini-split system is the only model found that reaches the standards of the top pick on this list, with a SEER of 19 and an HSPF of 10. Both are well in excess of federal recommendations, and pricing is competitive, too.
At 57.5 decibels, the outdoor unit isn’t the quietest ductless mini-split system, but neither is the noise level excessive, and the indoor unit sits at a fairly harmless 30.5 to 43 decibels depending on the level it’s set to. It is both AHRI certified and ETL listed. A cold catalyst filter helps remove dust particles and absorbs harmful airborne benzene and ammonia. The unit is also Wi-Fi ready (an additional USB adapter is required). While everything is provided for DIY fitting, professional installation is required for warranty compliance.
Product Specs
- Type: Split-ductless
- Heating power: 18,000 BTUs
- Coverage: Not specified
- Noise level: 30.5 to 43 decibels (indoor unit), 57.5 decibels (outdoor unit)
Pros
- This is a highly efficient unit that’s both AHRI certified and ETL listed
- Features Wi-Fi compatibility (with an additional USB adapter required)
- Cold catalyst filter helps remove dust and harmful airborne particles
Cons
- Unknown coverage area; this unit may not perform well in larger spaces
- Slightly louder than other models, which can be disruptive during use
Get the Cooper & Hunter heat pump at Amazon.
Photo: amazon.com
At 12,000 BTU, this Senville is intended for the kind of extra spaces created when a bedroom is added above a garage, or a small guesthouse is built in the yard. It will often be far more economical than extending existing HVAC. With a SEER rating of 20.5 and 9.5 HSPF, it delivers performance equal to or better than anything in its class. At just 22.5 decibels on the low setting, up to 37 decibels when set to high, it’s comfortably quiet, too.
Though a full kit is included, and technical support is offered, professional installation is required to validate the warranty. Nevertheless, the competitive purchase price will go a long way toward compensating for these costs. Those who need a heat pump for a larger area might consider one of Senville’s other high-efficiency models from the same range.
Product Specs
- Type: Split-ductless
- Heating power: 12,000 BTUs
- Coverage: 450 to 750 square feet
- Noise level: 22.5 to 37 decibels (indoor unit), and 53.5 decibels (outdoor unit)
Pros
- Quiet operation at just 22.5 decibels on the lowest setting, up to just 37 decibels on high
- Affordable unit; far more economical than extending HVAC for smaller spaces
- This model includes a comprehensive installation kit and technical support
Cons
- Limited heating power at 12,000 BTUs; will not be suitable for larger spaces
Get the Senville heat pump at Amazon.
What to Consider When Choosing a Heat Pump
There are more details to consider beyond the different types of heat pumps. The following includes some of the most important heat pump features that are key to maximizing both performance and energy savings in different situations.
Types of Heat Pumps
Heat pumps can be divided into three main types: air source, split-ductless, and geothermal. While all types use the same basic principle of heat exchange to warm or cool a house, understanding their different strengths helps narrow the choices for the best heat pump for a particular home.
Air Source
Air source heat pumps sit outside the home and use an internal ducting system much like other HVAC systems that provide hot or cool air inside. When switching from an electric or gas furnace to a heat pump, parts of the existing installation can often be used.
An air source heat pump also can provide hot water, but it’s important to note that it is a separate system. An air source hot water heat pump is not the same as a heating and cooling heat pump, so two systems are needed if both functions are wanted. They are very effective in mild and warm areas, but additional heating may be required where the temperature regularly drops below 25 degrees Fahrenheit.
Split-Ductless
Like air source heat pumps, split-ductless systems (also called mini-splits) have a condenser unit outside paired with a wall-mounted air handler that has a fan inside similar to air conditioners. Usually the latter is fitted high up near the ceiling. A handheld remote control is used to change settings.
The ducting that causes some heat loss in other systems isn’t necessary, so installation is generally more straightforward. The ductless feature makes it popular for house additions when a house has been extended and the owners don’t want to modify the current HVAC system. The amount of square footage it can condition depends on the unit used, and several units might be necessary to cover an entire house.
Geothermal
The temperature underground remains constant below about 6 feet deep, regardless of the season. A geothermal heat pump takes advantage of this consistent warmth. Liquid-filled pipes—called a “loop”—are buried underground either horizontally or vertically. They pick up the underground temperature that is then pumped around the house.
Also called ground source heat pumps, geothermal heat pumps can be used in areas where other systems are less effective in winter. However, installation costs are high, and the ground space needed makes them unsuitable for smaller properties.
Purpose
When looking at the main benefits of the best heat pump systems, the main purpose usually is serving as an energy-efficient alternative to furnace and air conditioner combinations for a home. However, there are other areas where heat pumps can provide a cost-effective solution. Fitting a split system to an extension may be less expensive and easier than stretching an existing HVAC beyond its intended specification.
If there is space, geothermal heat pumps are a great way to provide hot water. Small air source heat pumps also can provide effective heating for outdoor pools. Although they are less efficient when it’s cold, it’s unlikely that an outdoor pool would be used then anyway.
Output Capacity
Whether comparing a heat pump with other HVAC or looking at a more modest installation, both the heating and cooling potential of single units or expanded systems will be important. The standard measurement unit of heat is the British thermal unit (BTU). The generally accepted standard is that for both comfortable warmth in winter and sufficient cool air in summer, a system should provide 20 BTUs per square foot per hour.
For example, a 500-square-foot space with 8-foot ceilings needs a heat pump rated for 10,000 BTUs. Not all manufacturers provide BTU information, some preferring to use tons to describe a heat pump’s output capacity. A ton is equal to 12,000 BTUs per hour.
HVAC Compatibility
A frequent consideration is whether a heat pump can be effectively combined with other heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems. While a split-ductless heat pump is a good way to add heating and ventilation when a living space is expanded, the advice of an HVAC expert may be needed for a proper assessment of compatibility among systems.
However, there are more advanced hybrid systems that integrate traditional furnace-based HVAC with an electric heat pump. They use the heat pump when the outside air is warm enough to make sense economically and switch over to the furnace when the temperature drops. Installation is more complex, but the resulting fuel savings can make it worthwhile.
Efficiency Rating
With home energy costs continually rising, any way to manage consumption and save money is helpful. A heat pump’s actual heating efficiency is rated in several ways, and it varies depending on the type. With all systems, higher numbers are better, though the best heat pumps in terms of energy efficiency also tend to cost more.
Most air source and split-ductless models provide two ratings. For heating systems, this is a Heating Seasonal Performance Factor (HSPF). There is a minimum United States federal standard of 7.7 HSPF, but the American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ACEEE) recommends 8.5 or greater. For cooling, the Seasonal Energy Efficiency Rating (SEER) is used. Again, the federal minimum is 14 SEER, though ACEEE recommends 15 or more.
Geothermal heat pump efficiency is rated by the Coefficient of Performance (COP) for heating and Energy Efficiency Rating (EER) for cooling. Respective minimums are 3.1 for COP and 17.1 for EER.
Noise Level
The amount of noise that a heat pump generates varies based on the type of heat pump. Air source and split-ductless heat pumps both have an outdoor fan and compressor. While not aggressively loud like a chainsaw, they can create a constant background hum. The pitch will often rise as the energy demand increases.
Many air source or split-ductless units are under 60 decibels, which is much like normal conversation. However, some exceed 70 decibels, which is compared to traffic noise or a vacuum cleaner. As they’re frequently sited on or near an outside wall, the noise level likely has a significant impact on where the unit is positioned. The indoor fan for split-ductless heat pumps is usually very quiet and unlikely to cause noise problems, even in bedrooms.
Geothermal heat pumps have no external fan. As a result, many are almost silent and frequently described as “whisper quiet.”
Installation
Installation is a very important consideration because professional installation is strongly recommended with many heat pumps.
A split-ductless heat pump is the easiest type to install, but even with good DIY skills, it will take time and patience. As a rough guide, contractors often work in pairs and would expect installation to take around 5 hours.
Air source heat pumps for pool heating can be self-installed, if you have the required electrical knowledge. Household systems are far more complex, typically requiring a couple of days to install. Unless you have a wealth of experience, it’s a job that’s probably best left to professionals. Several manufacturers warn that their equipment should only be installed by qualified technicians.
That’s also true with geothermal heat pumps. An initial survey is conducted to see if the site is suitable, then there’s substantial groundwork or drilling to install the loop. They are often recommended as an efficient solution for new builds and large, open plots. Installation in well-developed urban areas can be challenging.
FAQs
Now that you’ve had the opportunity to read about some of the key features and consider some of the best heat pumps on the market, you may have lingering questions. It’s a complex area, so it would be understandable if a few questions remained. The following answers to some of the most common queries may help.
Q. What are heat pumps?
A heat pump is a low-energy way of providing both heating and cooling. They can be used for the whole house or a single room and to provide hot water or heat your pool.
Q. Do heat pumps use a lot of electricity?
Heat pumps typically output three to four times more energy than they consume, so they use electricity very efficiently. As with any heating or cooling system, heat pumps need proper management to maximize savings.
Q. How do I choose the best heat pump for my home?
To choose the best heat pump, investigate how efficiently it heats and cools a given space, plus the cost and the ease of installation. These and other key considerations are covered in detail above.
Q. Should I turn off my heat pump in extreme cold?
Air source and split-ductless heat pumps can be damaged if they freeze, but many have internal heaters to prevent this. It’s important to check. Properly installed geothermal heat pumps should not be affected because they are deep enough that the cold does not reach them.
Q. How long do heat pumps last?
Heat pump longevity is based on the type. Air source and split-ductless last an average of 15 years, though it is not uncommon for them to last more than 20 years. The indoor unit of a geothermal heat pump can be expected to last 25 years or more, with 50 years usually quoted for the underground loop.
Q. What is the best heat pump brand?
While selecting the best heat pump should be based more on specification than brand, Daikin, Goodman, and Pioneer all perform consistently well in independent satisfaction surveys.
Q. What is the most efficient heat pump on the market?
Two are difficult to separate. The top pick, the Pioneer is an outstanding device. The Cooper & Hunter model is equally efficient.
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